The promise of second-life batteries lies in their potential to reduce storage costs and promote sustainability, yet utilities and integrators remain uncertain about their bankability and risk—resulting in wasted resources, a glut of unused batteries, and undermined circular economy efforts.

The tension between affordable, sustainable grid storage and the opaque, unpredictable quality of used batteries is stalling innovation and deployment.

Existing battery testing and certification processes for second-life uses are fragmented, slow, and do not provide granular or real-time condition insights.

Difficulties in aggregating historical battery performance data, absence of standard valuation criteria, and regulatory ambiguities further complicate dependable integration into energy storage systems.